#LEO

South Atlantic Anomaly: Why Satellites Malfunction Over the South Atlantic

The South Atlantic Anomaly causes satellite memory errors, single-event upsets, and accelerated solar array degradation on every LEO orbit. Here's what it is, why it's expanding, and how operators cope.

Kessler Syndrome: The Space Debris Crisis Threatening Earth Orbit

Over 36,000 tracked objects orbit Earth at speeds that make a centimetre of debris as lethal as a hand grenade. Donald Kessler's 1978 cascade model, the current LEO situation, and why remediation may already be urgent.

How the Thermosphere Affects LEO Satellites: Drag, Space Weather, and the Starlink Lesson

How does the thermosphere affect LEO satellites? From atmospheric drag to GNSS disruption — and the 2022 Starlink incident that made the stakes impossible to ignore.