The South Atlantic Anomaly causes satellite memory errors, single-event upsets, and accelerated solar array degradation on every LEO orbit. Here's what it is, why it's expanding, and how operators cope.
A coronal mass ejection reaches Earth in 18–72 hours and can collapse power grids, disable satellites, and disrupt GPS globally. How solar flares work, what the Carrington Event tells us about worst-case scenarios, and how space weather forecasting has evolved.
Solar Orbiter captured the first-ever images of the Sun's south pole in 2025, revealing a chaotic magnetic field at solar maximum. Here's what the images show and why they matter for space weather forecasting.
How does the thermosphere affect LEO satellites? From atmospheric drag to GNSS disruption — and the 2022 Starlink incident that made the stakes impossible to ignore.
Earth's magnetic field protects life from solar wind, enables animal navigation across thousands of kilometres, and its current weakening already affects satellites. Here's why it matters beyond atmospheric shielding.